The Jewish Community of Secovce

Rosa Sommer (1922-1942?), member of the youth organization Bnei Akiva (Bachad)-Belgium, born on April 20, 1922 in Secovce, Slovakia.  

Rosa had one Brother, Naphtali (see Sommer Naphtali, separate). She was very pretty.

The Bnei Akiva (Bachad) youth organization in Belgium was founded in 1933, and was a very important youth organization in the life of the Belgian Jews in the years before and during the Shoah. They were active even in the yeas 1940-1942, when Belgium was occupied by the Nazis. When their activities came to an end, some of the members joined the agricultural Hachshara ("training camp") in Bomal, Belgium, with the hope that one day they will be able to immigrate to the Land of Israel and live there as farmers.

Sommer, Rosa,was arrested by the Germans, and consequently detained in the transit camp at Drancy, France, and then deported to Auschwitz Nazi death camp on September 9, 1942, with Transport 30. She never returned.

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This biography was originally published in the book The story of a Memorial, Bnei Akiva-Tikvatenu, Antwerp, in the Holocaust, edited by Jacques I. Offen and Salomon Hauser, published by Shamayim LTD, Israel 2010, and was recorded in Beit Hatfutsot's databases, courtesy of the authors.

Naphtali (Tulek) Sommer (b. 1924), member of the "Tikva" group of the youth organization Bnei Akiva (Bachad)-Belgium, born in 1924, in Secovce, Slovakia.  

Naphtali had one sister, Rosa (see Sommer Rosa, separate). He was blond and friendly.

The Bnei Akiva (Bachad) youth organization in Belgium was founded in 1933, and was a very important youth organization in the life of the Belgian Jews in the years before and during the Shoah. They were active even in the yeas 1940-1942, when Belgium was occupied by the Nazis. When their activities came to an end, some of the members joined the agricultural Hachshara ("training camp") in Bomal, Belgium, with the hope that one day they will be able to immigrate to the Land of Israel and live there as farmers.

Naphtali Sommer was arrested during the Holocaust, but his fate is unknown.

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This biography was originally published in the book The story of a Memorial, Bnei Akiva-Tikvatenu, Antwerp, in the Holocaust, edited by Jacques I. Offen and Salomon Hauser, published by Shamayim LTD, Israel 2010, and was recorded in Beit Hatfutsot's databases, courtesy of the authors.

Mor (Moritz) Friedmann (1826-1891), cantor, born in Hraboc, near Presov in north east Slovakia (then part of the Austrian Empire). He studied Talmud at Papa and Pressburg (now Bratislava, in Slovakia). He held a post as teacher at Brezova while continuing to study both religious and secular subjects.

As a child he was a noted boy soprano, and already by the age of twelve he supported himself by leading prayers at the synagogue. In Budapest, Hungary, cantor David Broder accepted him as a member of his choir. Later he went to Oedenburg (now Sopron, in Hungary) where he was appointed assistant cantor and Hebrew teacher, and at the age of 22 he became the official cantor at Sopron. Then he went on to study at the conservatory of Vienna, Austria. In 1856 he was appointed chief cantor in Budapest, where he conducted services in the Sulzer style, with a large choir and set psalms and prayers to music for solo and choir. His collection of Jewish synagogue songs "Izraelita vallasos enekek" (1875), was used in synagogues of most Hungarian communities. From 1883 to 1897 he edited the magazine "Ungarische Israelitische Kultusbeamtenzeitung" in which he published articles on cantorial music.

Friedmann served as vice president of the Jewish Teachers Association. He was awarded a Golden Cross for his cultural activities and achievements. Mor Friedmann died in Budapest.

Trebisov

In Hungarian: Toketerebes

A town in the district of Zemplen, south-east Slovakia.

Trebisov is situated near the town of Kosice, on a railway junction in an agricultural area, and a sugar industry developed in the place. Until 1918 Trebisov belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and since then until 1993 to the Republic of Czechoslovakia.

It is believed that Jews had lived in Trebisov already in the 14th century but an organized community was formed only shortly before the establishment of a hevra kaddisha (burial society) in 1829. At that time a cemetery was also consecrated, a synagogue was built, and it seems that the first rabbi of the community, Rabbi David l. Silberstein, was the religious leader. The second rabbi was Rabbi Salomon Teitelbaum. Rabbi Marcus Guttman later occupied the chair for 30 years and the last rabbi was Rabbi Rosenblutt. Because of the proximity of Trebisov to Galicia , the life of the community was influenced by the way of life of the Jews of Galicia. The community belonged to the orthodox stream of communities of Hungary. Among the ashkenazi Jews of Trebisov lived also a group of sephardi Jews, with their own synagogue. A mikveh was built in the middle of the 19th century. The first synagogue was destroyed by fire at the beginning of the 20th century and a new one was built in its place.

On the initiative of the president of the community, Meir Markovic, a Talmud torah school was founded at Trebisov in 1912. The community opened also an elementary school with three teachers, and a library. In the Godfathers Society (Komaegyesulet), which supported needy families, were scores of members. In 1922 some 800 Jews, including Jews of small neighboring communities, were registered in the community of Trebisov. The president was then Antal Danziger and the secretary D. Breuer. In the 1930s the president was M. Burger.

Most of the Jews of Trebisov were shopkeepers and artisans. But there were also one doctor and one lawyer. Some of the Jews of the community needed aid.

In 1867 the Jews of Hungary were granted full civil rights. The republic of Czechoslovakia recognized the Jews as a national minority with appropriate rights and they became involved in the social and political life of the country. The Jewish youth were organized in local branches of Hashomer Hazair and Betar. In 1937, in the elections to the 20th Zionist Congress, 16 Jews of Trebisov took part.

In 1930, 559 Jews were living at Trebisov.


The Holocaust Period

Following the Munich Agreement (September 1938), about a year before World War II broke out, the Republic of Czechoslovakia was dismembered. Slovakia declared its autonomy and on March 14,1939, it became an independent state, a satellite of Nazi Germany. The Fascist regime of Slovakia gradually deprived the Jews of their civil rights and property.

At the end of 1940 there were 648 Jews in Trebisov. At the end of March 1942 started the deportation of the Jews of Slovakia to concentration and extermination camps in Poland, where they were murdered by the Germans. The Jews of Trebisov were apparently among a transport of 1,040 Jews which left Trebisov in the direction of Lublin in the first week of May 1942. The women were taken off the train apparently at the camp of Lubartov and the able-bodied men were sent to Maidanek.

In October 1942 the deportations were temporarily stopped. In Trebisov remained only Jews whose work was of vital importance to the authorities, Jews who were married to non-Jews and some who managed to find a hiding place. Some members of the community escaped to Hungary and avoided death.

Survivors of the community who returned to Trebisov after the war left the place in the late 1940s. Some of them went to Israel, others emigrated to the USA. The synagogue was turned into a warehouse, until it was finally destroyed in the 1970s, and on the site of the Jewish cemetery dwelling houses were built.

Lublin

A city in Poland

Lublin is one of the largest cities in Poland, and is the capital and center of the Lublin Voivodeship.

In the 16th and 17th centuries Lublin was famous for its fairs. Annexed by Austria in 1795, it was incorporated in Russian Poland in 1815. From 1918 to 1939 it was in Poland, and during World War II (1939-1945) it was under German occupation. After the war, Lublin was again part of Poland.

 

21ST CENTURY

The building and grounds of the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva were given to the Jewish Community of Warsaw in 2002-2003. The Jewish Community renovated the building, which had fallen into disrepair, and, based on prewar photographs, restored many of the building’s religious features. The Lublin Branch of the Jewish Community of Warsaw began using part of the building for community activities in 2006. The building’s official reopening took place in February of 2007, with over 600 in attendance.

In May 2005 the Jewish world celebrated the Siyyum HaShas, marking the end of the 7-year cycle of reading a page of Talmud daily. One of the celebrations took place at the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, to honor its former head, Rabbi Meir Shapiro, who invented the system in 1924. A memorial service was also held for Rabbi Shapiro in 2008 in the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, to mark the 75th anniversary of his death. A new Ark and chandelier were installed in the synagogue to honor the occasion.

The old Jewish cemetery site is located in the Kalinowszczyna district. Most of the tombstones were destroyed during World War II, but some of have survived. The new Jewish cemetery was almost completely destroyed during the war. Remnants of the cemetery include the southeastern section of the wall, and the ohel built over Rabbi Meir Shapiro’s grave. 

 

HISTORY

Jews were first mentioned as transients in Lublin in 1316. By the 15th century a community had developed, and became a place of refuge for a number of Jews who had been expelled from other areas. During the second half of the 16th century land was granted to the community so that it could establish a cemetery, and build institutions. Shalom Shachna established a yeshiva in the city in 1518; he was later appointed as the Chief Rabbi of Lublin in 1532. Economically, Jews were allowed to set up movable stalls for shops but not to erect buildings. There was also a Hebrew printing press that began publishing Hebrew books and prayer books in 1547.

In 1602 there were 2,000 Jews in Lublin.

When the Polish high court convened in Lublin between the 16th and 18th centuries, tensions between the city’s Jewish and non-Jewish residents rose significantly, particularly when the court was trying a blood libel case (the first blood libel trial in Lublin took place in 1598). The hearings were followed by attacks on the Jews; some were murdered and their property stolen. If the high court sentenced the accused to death, the execution usually took place on a Saturday in front of the Maharshal Shul (synagogue), and elders of the kehillah and other Jews had to attend. An execution was often followed by an attack on the Jewish Quarter. Additionally, like Jews throughout Poland-Lithuania, the Jews of Lublin suffered greatly during the Chmielnicki uprisings in 1648-1649. Yet another period of hardship followed in the second half of the 18th century with the disintegration of the Polish state.

However, in spite of these hardships, Lublin became both a cultural, economic, and religious center for Polish Jews, due mainly to the fairs and yeshiva. The Council of Four Lands, the central Jewish body of authority, often met in Lublin between 1580 and 1725. Community institutions included a well-organized chevra kaddisha and a "preacher's house," which provided visiting preachers with food and lodging. The fortified Maharshal Shul, the most famous synagogue in Lublin, was built in 1567. It burned down in 1655, but was later rebuilt.

Chasidism played a prominent role in Lublin, mainly through the influence of the local Tsaddikim, including Jacob Isaac Ha-Chozeh ("The Seer") of Lublin, and, from the mid-19th century, the Eiger dynasty. At the same time, there were also some community rabbis who were strongly opposed to the Chasidic movement, particularly Azriel Horovitz (late 18th century) and Joshua Heshel Ashkenazi.

A cholera epidemic broke out in 1829, resulting in the deaths of many Jews. As a result of the increase in burials, a new Jewish cemetery was established that year.

Educational institutions for the community’s children included a cheder and the yeshiva. Beginning in the second half of the 19th century, the first Jewish schools were founded where the language of instruction was Russian or Polish. The city’s first private Jewish high school was opened in 1897.

During the early 20th century the Jews of Lublin were politically and culturally active. The Jewish Public Library opened in 1917. The Polish-Jewish magazine, “Myśl Żydowska” (“Jewish Thought”), began publication in 1916, and the Yiddish “Lubliner Tugblat” (“Lublin Daily”) began publication in 1918. The Bund was also active during this period.

Construction on the famous yeshiva, Chachmei Lublin, began in 1924; the cornerstone laying event was attended by a crowd of about 20,000. The yeshiva opened in 1930, led by Rabbi Meir Shapiro, the Chief Rabbi of Lublin. Rabbi Shapiro was a particularly well-known rabbi, in part by pioneering the Daf Yomi system of Talmud study in 1924.

In 1939 there were over 42,000 Jews living in Lublin.


THE HOLOCAUST

Lublin was captured by the Germans on September 18, 1939. During the very first days of the occupation Jews were forcibly evicted from their apartments, physically assaulted, and conscripted for forced labor. Some Jews were taken as hostages, and all of the men were ordered to report to Lipowa Square, where they were beaten. For a while, the Nazis entertained the idea of turning the Lublin District into an area where Jews from the German-occupied parts of Poland and various other areas incorporated into the Reich could be concentrated.

The existing Jewish community council remained in office until January 25, 1940, when the Judenrat was appointed. During the first period of its existence, the Judenrat did not only execute Nazi orders, but initiated a number of projects designed to alleviate the harsh conditions. Public kitchens were established in order to provide meals for refugees and the local poor. The ghetto was divided into a number of units for the purpose of sanitary supervision, with each unit run by a doctor and several medical assistants. Additionally, there were two hospitals with a total of over 500 beds, and a quarantine area in the Maharshal Shul with 300 beds. Hostels were established to house abandoned children, but the Judenrat did not succeed in reestablishing the Jewish school system, and the schooling that was available to children was carried on as an underground operation.

At the beginning of 1941 the Jewish population of Lublin was about 45,000, including approximately 6,300 refugees who had fled from other areas. In March of that year, the Nazis ordered a partial evacuation of the Jews in preparation for the official establishment of the ghetto. Between March 10 and April 30, 1941 about 10,000 Jews were driven from Lublin to villages and towns in the area. The ghetto was created at the end of March, and eventually held a population of about 34,000. On April 24, 1941, the ghetto was sealed, and Jews were no longer permitted to leave.

With the commencement of Operation Reinhard, the secret Nazi plan to kill the majority of Polish Jewry, the Jews of Lublin were among its first victims. The liquidation of the ghetto began on March 16, during which time 30,000 Jews were dispatched to the Belzec death camp. The rate of deportation was fixed at 1,500 per day, and attempts by the Jews to hide were of no avail.

The remaining 4,000 Jews were taken to the Majdan Tatarski ghetto, where they lived for a few more months under unbearable conditions. On September 2, 1942 an aktion resulted in the murder of 2,000 Jews; another 1,800 were killed at the end of October. Approximately 200 survivors were sent to the Majdanek concentration camp.

Lublin was also the site of a prisoner-of-war camp for Jews who served in the Polish Army. The first prisoners arrived in February 1940. Those who came from the area of the general government were set free, but about 3,000, whose homes were in the Soviet-occupied area or in the districts incorporated into the Reich, remained in detention. The Judenrat tried to extend help to the prisoners, and there was also a public committee that provided the inmates with forged documents in order to enable them to leave the camp.

When the Germans stepped up the extermination campaign, there were some attempts to escape from the camp; the Germans responded to this attempt by imposing collective punishments on the prisoners. Nevertheless, there were continued efforts to obtain arms for resistance, and some prisoners succeeded in escaping to the nearby forests, where they joined the partisans; indeed, some of the escaped prisoners assumed senior command posts in the partisan units. The last group of prisoners was deported to Majdanek on November 3, 1943

The Red Army liberated Lublin on July 24, 1944. The next day, Polish army and guerilla units entered the city. A few thousand Jewish soldiers served in those units, and among the guerillas was a Jewish partisan company under Captain Jechiel Grynszpan.

 

POSTWAR

Until the liberation of Warsaw in January 1945, Lublin served as the temporary Polish capital. Several thousand Jews, most of whom survived the Holocaust in the Soviet Union, settled in Lublin. However, the majority of them left between 1946 and 1950, due to Polish antisemitism. The Jewish Cultural Society was functioning in Lublin until 1968, when many of the remaining Lublin Jews left Poland.

A monument dedicated to the Lublin Jews who were killed during the Holocaust was dedicated in 1963. Later, in 1985 a memorial plaque was placed on the wall of the building that once housed the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva.

Banska Bystrica

Hung. Besztercebanya; Ger. Neusohl

A city in Slovakia.

21st Century

The city of Banska Bystrica has a Museum of the Slovak National Uprising.

History

Jews were not admitted there until 1848. The first to settle came from the surrounding villages and Galicia, and developed the manufacture of wood and leather products, and alcoholic beverages. A Neolog congregation was established, which maintained an old-age home and a primary school. The Orthodox community was concentrated in the village suburb of Radvan, numbering about 250 persons, under the supervision of the Lucenec rabbinate. A Zionist group was founded immediately after the first Zionist congress was held in 1897. The Jewish population numbered 1,204 in 1930 (about 9% of the total).

The Holocaust Period

During World War II two-thirds of their number perished in death camps. Many were murdered after suppression of the partisan revolt on Oct. 28, 1944, of which Banska Bystrica was the center. The woman parachutist and resistance fighter Chavivah Reik was born in Banska Bystrica. A small community was reestablished after World War II.

Sacurov

In Hungarian: Szacsur

A village in the district of Vranov, east Slovakia.

Sacurov is situated in an agricultural area growing mainly cereals. Until 1918 the region was part of Hungary and then, until 1993, part of the Republic of Czechoslovakia.

Between the two world wars, 11 Jewish families lived at Sacurov, some 50 persons. They were Othodox and prayed in the Ashkenazi version. The community had a cemetery and a synagogue. The women’s gallery served on weekdays as a bet midrash. The shohet (ritual slaughterer) served also as a cantor and a mohel (sircumciser). The children of the community attended a Greek-Catholic school and were taught Jewish subjects in the afternoon by a private tutor whom the community employed.

The Jews of Sacurov engaged in trade and agriculture.


The Holocaust Period

The Republic of Czechoslovakia was dismembered about a year before World War II broke out, following the Munich Agreement of September 1938. On March 14, 1939, Slovakia became an independent state, a satellite of Nazi Germany. Two Jews of Sacurov were drafted in 1941 to forced labor in the sixth battalion of the Slovak army.

In the summer of 1942, the Jews of Sacurov were deproted, along with the rest of the Jews of Slovakia, to concentration and extermination camps in Poland, where most of them were murdered by the Germans. The members of one Jewish family continued to live in the village until 1944, when they escaped to west Slovakia with false Christian documents, and so were saved.

After the war, in 1945, only 6 Jews of Sacurov survived, and 5 of them went later to Eretz Israel.

Humenne

Hungarian: Homonna

A town in eastern Slovakia.

Humenne is located in the Presov Region, where the Laborec and Cirocha Rivers meet. Until 1918 Humenne was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. After World War I (1914-1918) and until 1993, it was part of the Republic of Czechoslovakia. Since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, Humenne has been part of Slovakia.

Many of the tombstones in Humenne’s Jewish cemetery have remained standing.

HISTORY

Records from 1743 are the first indication of a Jewish presence in Humenne. Though the community was officially founded in 1809, community institutions had already been developed by then; the oldest tombstone in the Jewish cemetery dates to 1772, a chevra kaddisha was established in 1786, and a synagogue was built in 1792. Rabbi Pinhas Lurie was the first rabbi to serve the Jewish community of Humenne. However, he proved to be unpopular, and resigned in 1804.

After the community was officially established in 1809, Moritz Propper served as the president and Jacob Shapira served as the rabbi. Shortly thereafter the community also hired a dayan (judge), a cantor, a mohel (circumciser), a shammes (beadle), and a kosher butcher. A Talmud Torah was opened in 1835 and a beit midrash was established in 1867.

The first Jewish settlers at Humenne were leased property and worked as wine merchants. Additionally, Humenne was a marketing center and the Jews took an active part in developing the local trade. They exported agricultural produce and wines from Hungary to Poland and imported skins and furs from Poland. Later many Jews made a living in distilling spirits, leasing inns, in petty trade and in various crafts. Later, once the Jews were granted civil rights, many went into medicine, law, engineering, teaching, banking, science, literature, and journalism. Dr. Samuel Ungar eventually became the chief medical officer of the district, the physician of the royal railway company, a member of the Society of Natural Science, and the Imperial Geological Institute in Vienna. Dr. Erwin Moskowitz was elected as the town’s chief judge.

Following the emancipation of Jews in the mid-19th century, a convention was held in Budapest in 1868 featuring representatives of Jews throughout Hungary. Dr. Samuel Ungar represented the maskilim (enlightened) Jews of Humenne, while Adolf Fisch represented the town’s more conservative residents. At the beginning of the 1870s, in the wake of the conference, the community of Humenne declared itself to be Orthodox. Prayers at the beit midrashwere conducted according to the Ashkenazi tradition. Eventually the beit midrash became a Hasidic center, leading to a split in the community. The Hasidim opened their own prayer house in 1906.

One of the first Jewish schools in east Slovakia was opened in Humenne in 1856. Among its founders was Dr. Samuel Ungar and the contemporary president of the community, Barkani Kaufman. The school began with three classes and by 1872 it had grown to include six classes; however, when a general high school opened at Humenne many of the Jewish children chose to study there, and the Jewish school was obliged to close two of its classes for older students. In 1880 the Jewish school was destroyed by fire, and ceased to function until it was reopened in 1882; after the reopening the language of instruction was changed from German to Hungarian. Under the management of Samuel Lengyel the school was given a number of awards and honors. At the beginning of the 20th century two secondary classes for girls were added to the school. The Jewish school functioned until the end of World War I, at which point the only Jewish school that continued to function was the Talmud Torah. A Bais Yaakov school for girls was established during the 1930s.

Other community institutions included a chevra kaddisha; a Bikkur Holim (visiting the sick) Society, established in 1928 by the teacher Samuel Lengyel; a women’s society, which was formed in 1890; a Zaddok society; a young women’s club, which was known for encouraging its members to pursue an education; a Tomekhei Aniyim (Supporters of the Poor); Yesodei Torah; and a Poel Zeddek organization. A magnificent Orthodox synagogue was dedicated in 1930, adding to the number of local synagogues and prayer houses.

After World War I (1914-1918), Zionism became a popular ideology within the newly established Republic of Czechoslovakia. The Jews of Humenne purchased membership and voting rights in 1927, prior to the elections to the 15th Zionist Congress; 119 local Jews voted in 1937 during the elections to the 20th Zionist Congress. During the 1930s local branches of HaMizrachi, HaShomer HaZair, WIZO, and other Zionist organizations were established.

In 1930 1,812 Jews were living at Humenne. In 1941 the Jewish population was 2,172.

Rabbis who served the Jewish community of Humenne included Rabbi Pinhas Shapira who, upon his death in 1830, was succeeded jointly by his son, Rabbi Arieh Shapira, and his son-in-law, Rabbi Leibish Sappir; Rabbi Shapira died in 1873 and Rabbi Sappir in 1882. A year after the death of Rabbi Sappir, Rabbi Moses ben Amram Gruenwald was appointed as the town’s rabbi. He left after three years and was succeeded by the dayan Mendel Taub. In 1890 the Rabbi David Yehudi Salzer was appointed, and was succeeded by his son-in-law, Rabbi Isaac Friedrich, in 1920. When Rabbi Friedrich died, the community remained without a rabbi until Rabbi Haim Judah Ehrenreich was appointed in 1930. Rabbi Ehrenreich was the last rabbi to serve the community, and led along with the community’s president, Baruch Green, Moses Stern, and Herman Gross.

Notable Jews born at Humenne included Rabbi Gottlieb Klein, the founder of the Jewish communities in Sweden; Rabbi Maurice Neufeld, who became the president of the Union of Rabbis in the United States; and the world champion in discus-throwing, Dr. Wilmush Goeroeg.

THE HOLOCAUST

About a year before the outbreak of World War II (1939-1945), the Munich agreement of September 1938 forced the Republic of Czechoslovakia to cede the Sudeten Region to Germany, prompting the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the creation of Slovakia as an independent satellite state of Nazi Germany. Almost immediately after these changes took place, members of the Hlinka Guard began to harass and detain Jews. Jews were gradually cut off from the country’s social and economic institutions. Some of the Jews were sent to labor camps.

The Jews of Slovakia began to be deported to Auschwitz at the end of March 1942. In Humenne, the Jews were concentrated in the new synagogue at the beginning of April and were deported from there to concentration camps in Poland. By October most of the Jews were gone; those who remained in Humenne were those whose work was considered to be valuable by the authorities, those married to non-Jews, and those who managed to go into hiding. Some community members fought the Nazis from within the ranks of the Czech forces that operated within the framework of the Red Army.

POSTWAR

A number of survivors returned to Humenne after the war. Members of the Hlinka Guard, who had seized and appropriated Jewish homes, perpetrated a violent anti-Jewish riot.

In spite of the violence, many of the survivors who returned to Humenne attempted to revive the community. The new synagogue was renovated and public prayers were resumed. HaShomer HaZair also resumed its activity, and prompted some to immigrate to Israel at the end of the 1940s. The Jewish population during the 1960s was approximately 160 and the community was affiliated with the community of Kosice. As time went on the Jewish population continued to decline, and the synagogue building was eventually turned into a warehouse, before being demolished in 1990.

In 1990 only 28 Jews were living in Humenne, most of whom were married to non-Jews and none of whom were religious.

Slovakia

Slovenská republika - Slovak Republic
A country in central Europe, until 1993 part of Czechoslovakia, member of the European Union (EU).

21st Century

Estimated Jewish population in 2018: 2,600 out of 5,450,000. Main Jewish organization:

Ústredný zväz židovských náboženských obcí v Slovenskej republike - Federation of Jewish Communities in Slovakia
Panenská 4
811 03 Bratislava
Slovakia
Phone: 02-5441 2167
Fax: 02-5441 1106
Email: office@uzzno.sk
Website: http://www.uzzno.sk/