KOLIN Origin of surname
KOLIN, KOLLIN
Surnames derive from one of many different origins. Sometimes there may be more than one explanation for the same name. This family name is a toponymic (derived from a geographic name of a town, city, region or country). Surnames that are based on place names do not always testify to direct origin from that place, but may indicate an indirect relation between the name-bearer or his ancestors and the place, such as birth place, temporary residence, trade, or family-relatives.
Kolin, also known as Kolinsky and Neukollin, is a town in northern Bohemia, Czech Republic, where Jews lived since the 14th century. It had one of the most important communities in Central Europe An interesting point about the family name Kolin is the fact that in his decree of July 23, 1787, ordering all Jews to adopt personal and family names, Emperor Joseph II of Austria banned the use of this name by his Jewish subjects. Sometimes, Kolin is spelled Colin/Collin, as well as Kelin/Kellin. The variant Kolinski corresponds to one of the forms used for the place name (Kolinsky). A distinguished bearer of the Jewish family name Kolin was the Bohemian Rabbi Samuel Ha-Levi Kolin, also known as Kelin (1720-1806).
Distinguished 20th century American bearers of the Jewish surname Kollin include Rabbi Nathan Kollin.
Surnames derive from one of many different origins. Sometimes there may be more than one explanation for the same name. This family name is a toponymic (derived from a geographic name of a town, city, region or country). Surnames that are based on place names do not always testify to direct origin from that place, but may indicate an indirect relation between the name-bearer or his ancestors and the place, such as birth place, temporary residence, trade, or family-relatives.
Kolin, also known as Kolinsky and Neukollin, is a town in northern Bohemia, Czech Republic, where Jews lived since the 14th century. It had one of the most important communities in Central Europe An interesting point about the family name Kolin is the fact that in his decree of July 23, 1787, ordering all Jews to adopt personal and family names, Emperor Joseph II of Austria banned the use of this name by his Jewish subjects. Sometimes, Kolin is spelled Colin/Collin, as well as Kelin/Kellin. The variant Kolinski corresponds to one of the forms used for the place name (Kolinsky). A distinguished bearer of the Jewish family name Kolin was the Bohemian Rabbi Samuel Ha-Levi Kolin, also known as Kelin (1720-1806).
Distinguished 20th century American bearers of the Jewish surname Kollin include Rabbi Nathan Kollin.
Kolin
(Place)Kolin
Older sources refer to the town as Neukollin
A town in the Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic
Kolin is located approximately 34 miles (55km) east of Prague, on the Elbe River. Until 1918 Kolin and the region were part of the Austrian Empire. During the interwar period, and during the postwar communist era (until 1993), it was part of the Republic of Czechoslovakia.
Approximately half of the buildings from the original Jewish Quarter have been preserved. This includes the synagogue that was originally built during the 17th century, making it the second oldest synagogue in the Czech Republic. The synagogue has been restored, and has become a cultural center that has preserved the synagogue's interior. The synagogue has been named a protected monument.
Kolin's two Jewish cemeteries have been preserved. The older cemetery includes the tombstone of Betsal'el ben Yehudah (d. 1599, the son of the Maharal of Prague). This cemetery contains tombstones that date to the first half of the 15th century. A newer cemetery, which was consecrated in 1887, includes a Holocaust memorial. Both cemeteries can be accessed with permission.
One of the Torah scrolls from Kolin that was sent to the Central Jewish Museum in Prague during World War II is on permanent loan to the Northwood and Pinner Liberal Synagogue of London.
HISTORY
The Jewish community of Kolin was one of the four communities included in the Hebrew abbreviation "Karban" (Kolin, Roudnice, Bumsla, Nachod), demonstrating its importance (as well as those of the other communities mentioned) as second only to Prague. Town records from 1376-1401 mention 16 Jewish households. By the end of the 15th century there was already an established cemetery. Records from 1512 also include references to an "old" synagogue, indicating that it has been built long before.
The Jews were expelled from the town in 1541, but returned in 1557. This proved to be a temporary respite; they were expelled once again in 1561, and returned yet again in 1564. By 1574 the community was made up of 33 families.
Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries the Jewish community of Kolin continued to grow; from 138 families in 1718, the community grew to 251 families (1,169 people) in 1793. A synagogue with an ark donated by Samuel Oppenheimer was dedicated in 1696. In a fire in 1796, 43 Jewish houses, housing 205 families, were burned down.
During the revolutionary year of 1848, there were 30 Jews from Kolin who joined a national guard unit, sent to aid the revolution in Prague; however, they were forced out of the unit shortly thereafter. That year, Jews throughout the Austrian Empire were emancipated, and the economic and residence restrictions that had heretofore constrained them were lifted.
Kolin was home to one of the largest and most prominent yeshivas in Bohemia. The yeshiva was modernized during the 19th century and was called the "Beit Midrash-Anstalt" (Institution). In his visit to the town in 1855, Moses Montefiore was so impressed by the yeshiva that he endowed a foundation for its students. In addition to the yeshiva, other organizations supported by the Jewish community included a chevra kaddisha, a branch of the Maccabi sports club, as well as a number of Zionist, educational, women's, and charitable organizations.
In 1857 there were 1,347 Jews (16.1% of the total population) living in Kolin. In 1881 the town's Jewish population was 1,148 (9.8% of the total population).
In 1913 a young Roman Catholic priest, whose last name was Hrachovsky, attempted to levy a blood libel charge against the town's Jews. This was an attempt to cover up his own involvement in the suicide of a young woman whom the priest had impregnated.
Between the two World Wars many Jews in Kolin supported the Czecho-Jewish movement. This movement was established in 1919 in order to promote and embrace the assimilation of the Jews into the Czech language and culture.
Among the rabbis who lived or served in Kolin were Jacob Illowy (1746-1781), Eleazar b. Eleazar Kallir (1781-1802), and Daniel Frank (1839-1860). The last rabbi to serve in the community was Richard Feder. Among the notable figures from Kolin were the Viennese philosopher, scientist, and inventor Joseph Popper-Lynkeus, the Jewish national politician Ludwig Singer, the Czech poet and literary critic Otokar Fischer, and the industrialists Isidor, Julius, and Ignaz Petschek.
There were 430 Jews (2.3% of the total population) living in the town in 1930 (2.3%).
THE HOLOCAUST
After the Munich Agreement of September, 1938 the Republic of Czechoslovakia was dissolved, and the Sudeten Region was annexed to Nazi Germany. At that point, many Jews began arriving in Kolin from the Sudeten region, hoping to flee the Nazi regime. At that point life in Kolin was seemingly stable. Beginning in March, 1939 Prague supplied the town with kosher meat. About 600 Jews organized for collective emigration, and were even given support by the French government to establish a settlement in New Caledonia. The outbreak of World War II, however, in September 1939, halted these plans. The region of Bohemia and Moravia became a protectorate of Nazi Germany, and a period of discrimination and violence against the Jews of the region began. In January, 1940, Jewish shops were confiscated, three months before the same would happen to Jewish stores throughout the rest of Bohemia and Moravia. Jewish women were forced to work in a local soap factory. The cemetery was damaged by an aircraft bombardment.
Beginning on June 10, 1942, three transports left from Kolin to the Terezin (Theresienstadt) Ghetto; a total of 2,202 Jews from Kolin and other areas were deported on these transports. From Terezin, they were deported to a number of concentration and death camps, where a total of 2,098 perished, 475 of whom were from Kolin itself; 104 Jews from Kolin survived the war. Before the deportation to Terezin, ritual objects and synagogue equipment was sent from Kolin to the Central Jewish Museum in Prague.
POSTWAR
A small community was reestablished in 1945. By 1948 there were 98 acknowledged Jews living in the town, and an additional118 who did not officially acknowledge their Jewishness. The community, however, was ultimately short-lived. By 1966 there were only 15 Jews left in the community.
A memorial to the victims of the Holocaust was erected in 1950.
In 1969 the Jewish community of Kolin became affiliated with the Jewish community of Prague. In 1970 it was dissolved. The last acknowledged Jewish resident of Kolin died in 1981.
Older sources refer to the town as Neukollin
A town in the Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic
Kolin is located approximately 34 miles (55km) east of Prague, on the Elbe River. Until 1918 Kolin and the region were part of the Austrian Empire. During the interwar period, and during the postwar communist era (until 1993), it was part of the Republic of Czechoslovakia.
Approximately half of the buildings from the original Jewish Quarter have been preserved. This includes the synagogue that was originally built during the 17th century, making it the second oldest synagogue in the Czech Republic. The synagogue has been restored, and has become a cultural center that has preserved the synagogue's interior. The synagogue has been named a protected monument.
Kolin's two Jewish cemeteries have been preserved. The older cemetery includes the tombstone of Betsal'el ben Yehudah (d. 1599, the son of the Maharal of Prague). This cemetery contains tombstones that date to the first half of the 15th century. A newer cemetery, which was consecrated in 1887, includes a Holocaust memorial. Both cemeteries can be accessed with permission.
One of the Torah scrolls from Kolin that was sent to the Central Jewish Museum in Prague during World War II is on permanent loan to the Northwood and Pinner Liberal Synagogue of London.
HISTORY
The Jewish community of Kolin was one of the four communities included in the Hebrew abbreviation "Karban" (Kolin, Roudnice, Bumsla, Nachod), demonstrating its importance (as well as those of the other communities mentioned) as second only to Prague. Town records from 1376-1401 mention 16 Jewish households. By the end of the 15th century there was already an established cemetery. Records from 1512 also include references to an "old" synagogue, indicating that it has been built long before.
The Jews were expelled from the town in 1541, but returned in 1557. This proved to be a temporary respite; they were expelled once again in 1561, and returned yet again in 1564. By 1574 the community was made up of 33 families.
Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries the Jewish community of Kolin continued to grow; from 138 families in 1718, the community grew to 251 families (1,169 people) in 1793. A synagogue with an ark donated by Samuel Oppenheimer was dedicated in 1696. In a fire in 1796, 43 Jewish houses, housing 205 families, were burned down.
During the revolutionary year of 1848, there were 30 Jews from Kolin who joined a national guard unit, sent to aid the revolution in Prague; however, they were forced out of the unit shortly thereafter. That year, Jews throughout the Austrian Empire were emancipated, and the economic and residence restrictions that had heretofore constrained them were lifted.
Kolin was home to one of the largest and most prominent yeshivas in Bohemia. The yeshiva was modernized during the 19th century and was called the "Beit Midrash-Anstalt" (Institution). In his visit to the town in 1855, Moses Montefiore was so impressed by the yeshiva that he endowed a foundation for its students. In addition to the yeshiva, other organizations supported by the Jewish community included a chevra kaddisha, a branch of the Maccabi sports club, as well as a number of Zionist, educational, women's, and charitable organizations.
In 1857 there were 1,347 Jews (16.1% of the total population) living in Kolin. In 1881 the town's Jewish population was 1,148 (9.8% of the total population).
In 1913 a young Roman Catholic priest, whose last name was Hrachovsky, attempted to levy a blood libel charge against the town's Jews. This was an attempt to cover up his own involvement in the suicide of a young woman whom the priest had impregnated.
Between the two World Wars many Jews in Kolin supported the Czecho-Jewish movement. This movement was established in 1919 in order to promote and embrace the assimilation of the Jews into the Czech language and culture.
Among the rabbis who lived or served in Kolin were Jacob Illowy (1746-1781), Eleazar b. Eleazar Kallir (1781-1802), and Daniel Frank (1839-1860). The last rabbi to serve in the community was Richard Feder. Among the notable figures from Kolin were the Viennese philosopher, scientist, and inventor Joseph Popper-Lynkeus, the Jewish national politician Ludwig Singer, the Czech poet and literary critic Otokar Fischer, and the industrialists Isidor, Julius, and Ignaz Petschek.
There were 430 Jews (2.3% of the total population) living in the town in 1930 (2.3%).
THE HOLOCAUST
After the Munich Agreement of September, 1938 the Republic of Czechoslovakia was dissolved, and the Sudeten Region was annexed to Nazi Germany. At that point, many Jews began arriving in Kolin from the Sudeten region, hoping to flee the Nazi regime. At that point life in Kolin was seemingly stable. Beginning in March, 1939 Prague supplied the town with kosher meat. About 600 Jews organized for collective emigration, and were even given support by the French government to establish a settlement in New Caledonia. The outbreak of World War II, however, in September 1939, halted these plans. The region of Bohemia and Moravia became a protectorate of Nazi Germany, and a period of discrimination and violence against the Jews of the region began. In January, 1940, Jewish shops were confiscated, three months before the same would happen to Jewish stores throughout the rest of Bohemia and Moravia. Jewish women were forced to work in a local soap factory. The cemetery was damaged by an aircraft bombardment.
Beginning on June 10, 1942, three transports left from Kolin to the Terezin (Theresienstadt) Ghetto; a total of 2,202 Jews from Kolin and other areas were deported on these transports. From Terezin, they were deported to a number of concentration and death camps, where a total of 2,098 perished, 475 of whom were from Kolin itself; 104 Jews from Kolin survived the war. Before the deportation to Terezin, ritual objects and synagogue equipment was sent from Kolin to the Central Jewish Museum in Prague.
POSTWAR
A small community was reestablished in 1945. By 1948 there were 98 acknowledged Jews living in the town, and an additional118 who did not officially acknowledge their Jewishness. The community, however, was ultimately short-lived. By 1966 there were only 15 Jews left in the community.
A memorial to the victims of the Holocaust was erected in 1950.
In 1969 the Jewish community of Kolin became affiliated with the Jewish community of Prague. In 1970 it was dissolved. The last acknowledged Jewish resident of Kolin died in 1981.