קהילת יהודי קמברידג' , אנגליה

Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), singer and actress, born in Cambridge, England to a Welsh father, Brinley ("Bryn") Newton-John, and a Scottish-born mother, Irene Born, the eldest child of the Nobel prize winning atomic physicist Max Born. Her mother's family had left Germany before World War II to avoid the Nazi regime. Her maternal great-grandfather was jurist Victor Ehrenberg and her matrilineal great-grandmother's father was German jurist Rudolf von Jhering.

She is a four-time Grammy award winner who has amassed five No. 1 and ten other Top Ten Billboard Hot 100 singles and two No. 1 Billboard 200 solo albums. Eleven of her singles (including two platinum) and 14 of her albums (including two platinum and four double platinum) have been certified gold by the RIAA. Her music has been successful in multiple formats including pop, country and adult contemporary and has sold an estimated over 100 million albums worldwide. She co-starred with Jon Travolta in the film adaptation of the Broadway musical Grease.

Newton-John was a long-time activist for environmental and animal rights issues. After surviving breast cancer in 1992, she became an advocate for health awareness becoming involved with various charities, health products and fundraising efforts.

Solomon Mayer Schiller-Szinessy (1820-1890), rabbi and scholar, born in Obuda (Althofen, in German) now part of Budapest, Hungary (then part of the Austrian Empire). He received a traditional rabbinic education, attending Hungarian and other institutions, notably the Lutheran College at Eperjes (then Hungary, now Presov, Slovakia). He graduated from the University of Jena, Germany, in 1845.

At Eperjes (now Presov, Slovakia), Schiller was given a faculty appointment for Hebrew and also became local rabbi. The atmosphere of tolerance in the college influenced him permanently. Through his eloquence in the pulpit, he fostered Hungarian patriotism. His rabbinical teachers were moderates, but in 1845 he vigorously attacked in print the Reform resolutions of the Frankfurt Rabbinical Conference. During the Hungarian revolution (1848-1849), Schiller added the Magyar "Szinessy" to his name and enlisted in the army; he was wounded and captured by the Austrians. On the eve of his intended execution he managed to escape from Temesvar (now Timisoara, Romania) via Trieste and reached Ireland. From there he went to Manchester, England, where in 1851 he became rabbi.

While endeavoring to keep traditionalists and would-be reformers together, he became embroiled with the chief rabbi Nathan Adler by attempting to extend his ecclesiastical jurisdiction over northern England; he was then persuaded by the reformers to join their new dissident synagogue, although his personal practice and outlook remained strongly traditional throughout his life.

Schiller resigned his rabbinical post in 1860 and moved in 1863 to Cambridge, England. His bibliographical erudition earned him the appointment in 1866 as teacher (later reader) of Talmudic and rabbinic literature at Cambridge University. He was the first professing Jew formally entrusted by Cambridge with the subject, and he taught and inspired a distinguished list of gentile rabbinical scholars, which included C. Taylor and W. H. Lowe. Schiller's principal scholarly achievement was his prolix Catalogue of Hebrew Manuscripts Preserved in the Cambridge University Library, a portion of which was published in 1876. He edited Book One of David Kimhi's commentary on the Psalms (1883) and Romanelli's account of his Moroccan travels (Massa ba-Arav, 1885). Books published while Schiller was still in Hungary include: Tendenz u. Geist der zweiten Rabbiner versammlung zu Frankfurt a. Main (1845); Die Befreiung durch unseren Glauben (1845), and Kanzelreden (1845).

אריך מוריץ פון הורנבוסטל (1877-1935) , מוסיקולוג. נולד בווינה, בנה של הזמרת הלנה מרקוס. מ-1901 עבד במכון הפסיכולוגי של ברלין. נחשב לאחד ממייסדי האתנומוסיקולוגיה. כבר בשנת 1906 התחיל במחקר שדה ויצא לארצות-הברית ללמוד את המוסיקה והפסיכולוגיה של האינדיאנים. ערך מחקרים של המוסיקה באזורים מסוימים בסין, ביפן, בהודו ובאזור האוקיינוס השקט. החשובים במחקריו הם אלה שעסקו בשילוב תרבותי של שיטות מוסיקליות, פוליפוניות עממיות ופסיכולוגיה של התפיסה המוסיקלית. בשנת 1914 פרסם, ביחד עם קורט זקס, את המחקר "קטלוג של כלי מוסיקה". בשנת 1917 מונה לפרופסור ומ-1923 לימד באוניברסיטה של ברלין. בשנת 1933 פוטר ממשרתו, בגלל יהדותה של אמו. הוא יצא לארה"ב והרצה בבית הספר החדש למחקר חברתי בניו-יורק. בשנת 1934 השתקע באנגליה. נפטר בקיימברידג', אנגליה.

Cesar Milstein (1927– 2002), biochemist, who was awarded the 1984 Nobel Prize for Medicine together with two other people researchers, born in Bahia Blanca, Argentina. Milstein studied medicine at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1958 he received a grant to pursue his researches at Cambridge University in England. He obtained a PhD for research on kinetic studies with the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. A major part of Milstein's research career was devoted to studying the structure of antibodies and the mechanism by which antibody diversity is generated.

His work had important consequences for the exploitation of antibodies in science and medicine and for the treatment of diseases of the liver. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for the development of the hybridoima technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies. During his career he made many major contributions to improvements and developments in monoclonal antibody technology and to the development of protective immunity and immunological memory. He refused patent his discoveries since he believed that the knowledge belonged to all mankind and should be shared by everyone.

In 1975 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society, he was a fellow of Darwin College Cambridge from 1980 until his death and was awarded the British Companion of Honour award.

הוגו לייכטנטריט (1874- 1951), מוסיקולוג ומלחין. נולד בפלשב, פוליןץ הוא למד בברלין והשלים את לימודיו ב-1901 בעבודת דוקטורט על "ריינהרד קייזר באופרות שלו". מ-1905 לימד בקונסרבטוריון קלינדוורת-שארוונקה (Klindworth-Scharwenka) בברלין וכתב ביקורת מוסיקה עבור ה-Vossische Zeitung. ב-1933 עזב את גרמניה, הגיע לארה"ב ושימש מרצה באוניברסיטת הרווארד.
לייכטנטריט כתב את "הנדל" (1924), "מוסיקה, היסטוריה ורעיונות" (1938), "מוסיקה של ארצות המערב" (1956), "הצורה המוסיקלית" (1911) ו"ניתוח של היצירות לפסנתר של שופן" (1921/22). כמו כן, ערך לדפוס מוסיקה מוקדמת. יצירותיו כוללות סימפוניה, אופרה קומית, מוסיקה קאמרית, האופרה אסתר והקנטטה שיר השירים. נפטר בקיימברידג', מסצ'וסטס, ארה"ב.

Samuel Krauss (1866-1948), historian, philologist and Talmudic scholar born in Ukk, western Hungary (then part of the Austrian Empire). He studied at Papa Yeshivah and at the Budapest rabbinical seminary and university. From 1894 to 1906 Krauss taught Bible and Hebrew at the Jewish teachers' seminary in Budapest. In 1906 he began to teach Bible, history, and liturgy at the Israelitische-Theologische Lehranstalt in Vienna, Austria. It was due to his efforts that the college did not succumb to financial difficulties after World War I. Krauss was appointed head of the seminary in 1932 and rector in 1937. Krauss founded the "Vienna Verein juedische Geschichte und Literatur", and was active in many communal institutions. During the Kristallnacht in November 1938, the Nazis destroyed his valuable library and papers, and he fled to England, joining his daughter in Cambridge, where he remained until his death.

Kraus wrote over 1,300 articles and monographs, many of them major works, ranging widely in Judaica, philology, history, Bible, Talmud, Christianity and medieval Hebrew literature. One of his early works in philology: "Griechische und Lateinische Lehnwoerter im Talmud" (2 vol., 1898-99; repr. 1964), deals with the problems of phonetics, grammar, and transcription, and also with words borrowed from other languages. He also prepared a volume of additions and corrections to A. Kohut's "Arukh" entitled "Tosefot ha-Arukh ha-Shalem" (1936, repr. 1955). Among Krauss' historical studies was "Antonius und Rabbi" (1910), in which he offered his solution to the problem of the identity of the Talmudic Antonius, the friend of Judah ha-Nasi. On the then little-known Byzantine period in Jewish history, Krauss contributed "Studien zur byzantinisch-juedischen Geschichte" (in "Jahresbericht der Israelitisch-Theologischen Lehranstalt", vol. 21, 1914). Krauss wrote on the aliyah of the Polish Hasidim in the 18th century (in "Abhandlungen … Chajes" (1933, 51-95), and on Viennese and Austrian Jewish history in "Wiener Geserah vom Jahre 1421" (1922), in "Geschichte der israelitischen Armenanstalt" (1922), and in "Joachim Edler von Popper" (1926). His "Vier Jahrtausende juedischen Palaestinas" (1922) demonstrates the unbroken record of a Jewish presence in the Holy Land. Kraus contributed to A. Kahana's edition of the Hebrew Bible, a modern commentary of Isaiah (1905). He also cooperated in the Hungarian Bible translation edited by Bacher and Banoczi, Szentiras (1898-1907). Krauss' greatest work is his "Talmudische Archeologie" (3 vol., 1910-12; repr. 1966), a classic description of every aspect of life reflected in Talmudic and Midrashic literature. A similar work in Hebrew is his unfinished "Kadmoniyyot ha-Talmud" (2 vol., 1914-23). The history of the synagogue is described in his "Synagogale Altertuemer" (1922., repr. 1966). His last work, "Korot Battei ha- Tefillah be-Israel", ed. by A. R. Malachi (1955), was an extension and continuation of this work. His "Griechen und Roemer" (in Monumenta hebraica: Monumenta Talmudica, 5 pt. 1, 1914) and "Paras ve-Romi ba-Talmud u-va-Midrashim" (1948) also deal with the talmudic period. Kraus contributed to German and English publications on Sanhedrin, Makkot and Mishna, and a Hungarian translation of the Talmudic tractate Derekh Erez. Krauss also tackled the subject of Christianity in his "Leben Jesu nach juedischen Quellen" (1902) and in several articles. His interest in Hebrew poetry of the Spanish period is reflected in his "Givat Sha'ul" (1923), and in his "Mishbezet ha-Tarshish" (1926), on Moses ibn Ezra. His "Geschichte der juedischen Aerzte" (1930) is a description of the work and status of Jewish physicians of the Middle Ages. In his "Zur Orgelfrage" (1919), Krauss expressed his conservative stance concerning the use of organs in synagogues. He contributed ahundreds of articles to the "Jewish Encyclopedia", the "Encyclopedia Judaica" (German), and the "Juedische Lexikon". He wrote biographies of his teachers Wilhelm Bacher, David Kaufmann, and Alexander Kohut.

חברי האגודה היהודית של אוניברסיטת קמברידג', קמברידג', אנגליה, 2018. המוטו מתחת לסמל "Ecce quam bonum at iucundum fratres habitare in unum" הוא התרגום הלטיני של תהילים, קלג, א: "הִנֵּה מַה טּוֹב וּמַה נָּעִים שֶׁבֶת אַחִים גַּם יָחַד"

במקור תצלום זה צורף אל Com.unity – חיים יהודיים מסביב לעולם, אחד הפרויקטים של אנו – מוזיאון העם היהודי.

המרכז לתיעוד חזותי ע"ש אוסטר, אנו – מוזיאון העם היהודי, באדיבות האגודה היהודית של אוניברסיטת קמברידג'

Israel Abrahams (1858-1925), scholar, born in London, England. He was educated at Jews' College London, of which his father was the principal, and was awarded a MA degree from the University of London. He was appointed lecturer in preaching and secular subjects at Jews' College and became a senior tutor at the institution in 1900. He was a member of the committee for the Training of Jewish Teachers and the Anglo-Jewish Association which provided financial assistance to Jewish students in financial need to enter further education or studying for full-time degrees at universities in the United Kingdom. He was for a time secretary of the Jewish Historical Society of England.

In 1902 he was appointed professor of Talmud at Cambridge University, succeeding Solomon Schechter who had been appointed head of the Jewish Theological seminary in New York. In 1914, he published "A Companion to the Authorised Prayer Book", a commentary on and supplement to the prayer book edited by Simeon Singer and which for almost 100 years became the authorized and accepted prayer book for Anglo-Jewry. In 1922 he was invited to deliver the Schweich Lecture of the British Academy. The lectures were published under the title "Campaigns in Palestine from Alexander the Great".

In religion Abrahams favored reform. He supported the Jewish Religious Union and the Liberal Jewish synagogue which developed from it. He was an accomplished lay preacher who was often invited to address congregations.

Abrahams wrote a number of important works of Jewish scholarship. Abrahams collaborated with Claude Montefiore to write the “Aspects of Judaism”, which was published in 1895. His chief works were "Jewish Life in the Middle Ages" (1896), Studies in "Pharisaism and the Gospels" (1917-1924), "Chapters on Jewish Literature" (1898), and "Hebrew Ethical Will" (1926). In 1889, he became joint editor of the "Jewish Quarterly Review". He was a prolific contributor to periodical literature, and was especially well known for his articles on literary subjects, which appeared weekly in the "Jewish Chronicle" under the title of "Books and Bookmen". He also contributed to the "Encyclopaedia Biblica" (1903). For many years he wrote a weekly column, usually on literary matters, for the "Jewish Chronicle" newspaper and when, in 1919, the anti-Zionist "Jewish Guardian" was founded, Abrahams was an important contributor. He was an ardent advocate of the establishment of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. For 20 years from 1888 he was the editor of the "Jewish Quarterly Review".