קהילת יהודי מישקולץ

Vilmos Ormody de Ormod (1838-1932), economist and philanthropist, born in Miskolc, Hungary (then part of the Austrian Empire). He studied theoretical and practical economics. He became director general (1898) of the First Hungarian Insurance Company, who he first joined at the age of nineteen. In 1868 he was instrumental in securing the first loan for the Hungarian State Railways. He was knighted in 1897, and made a member of the Upper House of the Hungarian Parliament in 1906.

Ormody was very infuential in the founding of a sanitarium for tuberculous patients and of a dispensary for the poor sick. He was a charter member of the distinguished Kisfaludy Literary Society, and a patron of authors and artists. He endowed a foundation at the Hungarian Academy in the name of his wife, and contributed generously to Jewish causes.

Bertalan Stiller (1837-1922), pathologist born in Miskolc, Hungary (then part of the Austrian Empire). He studied at the medical schools of the Universities of Pest and Vienna. From 1874 onwards he was physician-in-chief of the department of internal medicine in the hospital of the Jewish community of Pest, of which he subsequently became director. From 1866 he was a lecturer at the University of Budapest and in 1906 he was made a court councilor (Hofrat).

Stiller was one of the physicians who developed the "Konstitutionslehre", a doctrine according to which the physical and, to a lesser degree, the mental pathology of the individual is determined by his constitution. His work on the subject, "Az asthenias alkati betegsegekrol" ("On the Diseases of the Asthenic Constitution", 1907), was published in Hungarian and German, as was his "Az ideges gyomorbetegsegek" (1884), a work on the nervous disorders of the stomach. He also published "A lep betegsegei" (1895), accounts of major investigations on the pathology of the spleen and the pancreas. In German he published "Glossen zur Radiologie des Magens" (1910).

Sandor Ferenczi (1873-1933), psychoanalyst, born in Miskolc, Hungary (then part of Austria-Hungary). He studied at the universities of Budapest and Vienna and served for a time as an army doctor. His primary interest was hypnosis. He began practicing psychiatry and neurology in Budapest in 1900. He first met Sigmund Freund in 1908 and became a close friend and correspondent; they exchanged over 1,000 letters. He accompanied Freud on his 1909 visit to the US. In 1913 Ferenczi founded the Hungarian Psychoanalytical Society. He did pioneer work on psychosexual disturbance and on active and passive homosexuality. He developed new methods of analysis including the method of bioanalysis which relates sexual drives to the wish to return to the womb. In his latter years, there was a growing distance between him and Freud and Ferenczi revised some of his ideas.

Ede (Eduard) Schwarz (1831-1862), physician and anthropologist, born in Miskolc, Hungary (then part of the Austrian Empire). After fighting in the Hungarian revolutionary war (1848-1849), where he distinguished himself in battle, he studied medicine at the University of Vienna, where he received the M.D. degree in 1856, and practiced at a hospital.

Schwarz took part in the expedition around the world of the Austrian steam frigate Novara, from 1856 to 1859. He published his notes on that expedition in the volumes "Ueber Koerpermessungen zur Diagnostik der Menschenrassan" (1859); "Chinesische Aerzte und Medikamente" (1859); "Die Nahrungsmittel der Tahiter; Reise der Oesterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in der Jahren 1857-1859" (1861); and "System of Anthropological Investigations" (1862).

Schwarz's grave in the Jewish cemetery of Vienna was adorned by a headstone produced by the Austrian sculptor Hieser.

Arthur Marmorstein (1882-?), theologian and historian born in Miskolc, Hungary (then part of Austria-Hungary), to a rabbinic family. He studied at the yeshiva of Pressburg (now Bratislava, Slovakia) and the rabbinic seminaries of Budapest and Berlin. He then spent time transcribing manuscripts in European libraries before serving as rabbi in Jemnice (1906-1912). Marmorstein moved to London in 1912 and for the rest of his life taught at Jews' College. He published scholarly works in many fields of rabbinics including rabbinic theology on which his writings were seminal. Besides numerous articles in learned periodicals, he published Studien zum Pseudo-Jonathan Targum (1905); Talmud und Neues Testament (1908); Religionsgeschitliche Studien (1910-12); The Doctrine of Merits in Old Rabbinical Literature (1920); The Old Rabbinical Doctrine of God (1927); Tannaitische Midraschen (Stuttgart, 1933; in collaboration with Gerhard Kittel)and Die Tosefta (Stuttgart, 1933; in collaboration with Kittel and Karl H. Rengsdorf).

Antal Remenyi (1825-1912), lawyer and author, born in Miskolc, Hungary (then part of the Austrian Empire). He was admitted to the bar in 1846, and practiced law until the Hungarian revolution in 1848. As a volunteer in the revolutionary army he attained the rank of captain, and when the revolution's resistance was broken, he accompanied General Gyorgy Klapka into exile.

For twelve years he lived in England and the United States. In the latter country he took part in several expeditions, including one in 1858 to territory along the Mississippi River inhabited by Native Americans.

After he had been pardoned, he returned to Hungary in 1861, where he became a judge. From 1872 on he was attorney to the British Legation at Budapest.

Remenyi contributed articles to various newspapers and periodicals of Budapest, and agitated for the establishment of a Hungarian Adriatic fleet. In 1892 he was named attorney to the Austro-Hungarian yacht flotilla.

His published books include: "Two Addresses" (1862); "Geschichte Der Donau-Flotille von der Roemerzeit bis zur Schlach bei Mohacs" (1888); "A szent-szovetseg hadjarata II. Szelim szultan ellen" ("The Campain of the Holy Alliance against Sultan Selim II"; 1903); "Kolumbus szarmazasa es csaladja" ("Columbus' Descent and Family", in "Katolikus Szemle", !903); "Die Seeschlacht am Yalu" (a lecture; 1904). In 1882 he published a testimonial volume on the unveiling of the statue to Sandor Petofi, which was erected thanks to Antal and his brother, Ede Remenyi. The latter (a renowned violinist) sponsored it by performing concerts for that purpose.

Remenyi converted to Christianity.

Erno Brody (1875- ? ), politician, member of the Hungarian parliament, born in Miskolc, Hungary (then in the Austria-Hungary). Brody attended the local gymnasium in Miskolc and then studied at the University of Budapest and then in the Academy of Commerce. After being awarded his doctorate in jurisprudence, he opened his lawyer's office in Budapest. At first he combined a legal career with that of journalism, writing for the 'Magyar Hirlap" and other liberal publications. He attracted attention as a trial lawyer in criminal cases.

As a follower of Vilmos Vazsonyi, a Jew who had been minister of justice, Brody quickly became influential in local and national politics. He was a founder of the Central Democratic Club. In 1906 he was elected to Parliament and was with interruptions, remained a deputy until 1939. As a democrat and an advocate of "patriotic liberalism," he was been held in high esteem by political adversaries even after the anti-Jewish laws of 1938-39) went into effect.

Brody visited the United States in 1928 as a leader of the so-called "Kossuth pilgrimage", a group that advocated the revision of the 1919 Trianon peace treaties in favor of Hungary.

Zsigmond Brody (1840-1906), journalist and poet, born in Miskolc, Hungary (then part of the Austrian Empire). He received his basic education in his home town and later in Budapest, after which he studied law at the University of Budapest. Until he started writing his supported himself by giving private lessons. He advocated equal rights for Jews and their integration into Hungarian society. This was also the theme of his poetry written under the pen-name, "A Hungarian Jew." He wrote a number of hymns in Hungarian which were used in the Neolog Great Synagogue in Pest for a number of years.

Brody was cofounder of the literary periodical Pannonia, which published Hungarian writings in German translations, and became known for his contributions to the papers Magyar Sajto and Pesti Naplo. He was active in Hungary's struggle for equality with Austria under the Habsburg monarchy and was secretary at the Ministry of Interior in 1872. Resigning the following year, he bought the German-language newspaper Neues Pester Journal. In 1896 he was appointed to the Hungarian Upper House as a member for life. Brody made large donations to charitable causes and left most of his estate to a Jewish hospital for children, which was named after his wife Adel.

אדוארד רמיני (1830-1898) כנר. נולד במיסקולק, הונגריה, ולמד בווינה. היה מעורב בהתקוממות ההונגרית נגד האימפריה האוסטרית ב-1848, ובעקבות מפלתה ברח לארה"ב. לימים, הופיע ברחבי גרמניה בליווי ברהמס. מניחים שהביצועים שלו לנעימות צועניות השפיעו על ברהמס בכתיבת היצירה מחולות הונגריים. בשנים 1859-1854 היה כנר סולן בחצרה של המלכה ויקטוריה באנגליה. ב-1860 זכה בחנינה מטעם שלטונות אוסטריה ונעשה כנר סולן בחצרו של הקיסר. התישב בארה"ב ב-1878. הלחין קונצ'רטו לכינור ושכתב לכינור מוסיקה לפסנתר מאת שופן. נפטר בסן-פרנציסקו, קליפורניה.

Adolf Onodi (1857-1919), neurologist and laryngologist, born in Miskolc, Hungary (then part of the Austrian Empire). He received the degree of M.D. from the University of Budapest, where in 1887 he became assistant professor. From 1896 he was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

In addition to several volumes published in Hungarian, he contributed many articles to medical journals and dictionaries all over Europe. Onodi's standard work on the sinuses of the skull (1893) was translated into English, German and Italian. In the earlier phase of his work he described the functioning of the sympathetic nervous system, and of the spinal cord; as well as the morphological anomalies of the general nervous system. His research on the larynx also embraced the neurology of that organ. His one hundred plates of neurology were employed by the medical schools of several countries and his collection of microscopic slides was acquired after his death by the London laryngological clinic, where a bust was erected in his honour.