TEITELBAUM Origin of surname
Surnames derive from one of many different origins. Sometimes there may be more than one explanation for the same name. This family name derives from nature (topographic terms, plants and animals).
When laws were passed in late 18th/early 19th century Europe, ordering all Jews to adopt fixed family names, many Jews took names expressing their affinity to the Holy Land, and chose a name of a tree that grows there. Teitel is German and Yiddish for "date" (in Hebrew, Tamar). The Jewish surname Teitelboim is a Yiddish form of the German Dattelbaum, which means "palm date tree". These names are associated with the verse "the righteous shall flourish like the palm tree"(Psalms 92.12).
Distinguished 20th century bearers of the Jewish family name Teitelboim include the Russian-born American Yiddish author and poet Dora Teitelboim. In the 20th century the spelling variant Taytelbaum is recorded as a Jewish family name with Jacobi Machiel Taytelbaum of Surinam, who perished in the Holocaust during World War II.
TOMER
(Family Name)TOMER
Surnames derive from one of many different origins. Sometimes there may be more than one explanation for the same name.
This name is derived from tomer, the Hebrew term for a tall fruit tree belonging to the palm family that produces the date fruit.
This name belongs to a group of modern Hebrew surnames adopted in the 20th century by Jewish immigrants or their descendants as part of shaping their new Israeli identity and as an expression of their connection to the Land of Israel.
Distinguished bearers of the family name Tomer include the Polish-born Israeli poet and playright Ben-Zion Tomer (1928-1998). His original family name was Teitelboim, “date tree” in Yiddish.
Yoel Teitelbaum
(Personality)Yoel Teitelbaum (1888-1979), Hasidic rabbi. A member of a noted dynasty, he served in communities in the Carpathians and northern Transylvania and from 1926 to 1934 was rabbi in Carei. He then became rabbi in Satmar (Satu Mare) where his dominant personality and uncompromising anti-Zionism influenced Orthodox Jewry throughout Transylvania. He was saved in the Holocaust in 1944 in the special train to Switzerland arranged by Rudolf Kasztner. He reached Eretz Israel, but in 1947 settled in the Williamsburg quarter of Brooklyn, New York. In 1953 Teitelbaum also became rabbi of the extreme anti-Zionist Neturei Karta in Jerusalem, whom he visited every few years. Teitelbaum and the Satmar Hasidim were vigorous opponents of the State of Israel. Teitelbaum opposed the use of Hebrew as a spoken language as a secularization of the holy tongue. He gathered one of the largest Hasidic communities in the US over whom he exercised strict authority.
Moshe Ben Tsvi Teitelbaum
(Personality)Moshe Ben Tsvi Teitelbaum "Yismah Moshe" (1759-1841), rabbi, author, founder of the Hasidic Teitelbaum dynasty from which emerged the Satmar (Satu-Mare) rebbes. He was born in Przemysl, Galicia (now in Poland), and studied with Yaakov Yitshak HaLevi Horowitz "The Seer of Lublin". He served as rabbi first in Sieniawa, Galicia, and then from 1808 to his death in Ujhely (Satoraljaujhely), Hungary. Moshe was among the first to disseminate Hasidism in northern and central Hungary. His reputation both as a scholar and a wonder-worker extended beyond the Hasidic community. His book Yismah Moshe is a Hasidic homiletic classic.
Yekutiel Yehuda Teitelbaum
(Personality)Yekutiel Yehuda Teitelbaum (1808 - 1883), Hasidic rabbi, born in Drogobycz, Ukraine (then part of Austria-Hungary), he belonged to one of the outstanding Hasidic dynasties and studied with his grandfather, Moshe of Ujhely. He served first as rabbi of Stropkov, and then in 1841 after his grandfather died, he succeeded him in Ujhely. However, he had to leave under pressure from the opponents of Hasidism and officiated in Gorlice and Drogobycz. He became best-known as rabbi of Sighet (from 1858) where he founded a yeshiva and attracted many followers. He was the author of many books on various aspects of Judaism.
Volodia Teitelboim
(Personality)Volodia Teitelboim Volosky (1916-2008), lawyer, politician and writer, born in Chillan, Chile, into a family of Jewish immigrants from Ukraine and Bessarabia. After attending high schools, he studied law at the University of Chile in Santiago de Chile. He joined the Communist movement at a young age and worked as a journalist for several periodicals. Because of his political activities during the 1940s he was exiled and detained in the town of Pisagua on the northern coastal region of Chile. As a member of the Communist Party of Chile, he served as deputy for the city of Valparaiso from 1961 to 1965, when he was elected senator for the city of Santiago, a position he held until the establishment of the military dictatorship in 1973. During the years of dictatorship he lived in Moscow, where he was in charge of the program Listen Chile on Radio Moscow.
e returned to Chile after the fall of the dictatorship and from 1988 to 1994 he served as general secretary of the Communist Party of Chile. Teitelboim was an accomplished writer who won numerous awards, including the National Prize for Literature in 2002. His works include memoirs Un muchacho del siglo XX (1997), La gran guerra de Chile y otra que nunca existió (2000), Noches de radio (2001), and numerous essays, among them Hombre y hombre (1969), El pan de las estrellas (1973), Neruda (1984), Gabriela Mistral, pública y secreta (1991), and Los dos Borges (1996). His national funerals were attended by Michelle Bachelet, President of Chile.
Trebisov
(Place)Trebisov
In Hungarian: Toketerebes
A town in the district of Zemplen, south-east Slovakia.
Trebisov is situated near the town of Kosice, on a railway junction in an agricultural area, and a sugar industry developed in the place. Until 1918 Trebisov belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and since then until 1993 to the Republic of Czechoslovakia.
It is believed that Jews had lived in Trebisov already in the 14th century but an organized community was formed only shortly before the establishment of a hevra kaddisha (burial society) in 1829. At that time a cemetery was also consecrated, a synagogue was built, and it seems that the first rabbi of the community, Rabbi David l. Silberstein, was the religious leader. The second rabbi was Rabbi Salomon Teitelbaum. Rabbi Marcus Guttman later occupied the chair for 30 years and the last rabbi was Rabbi Rosenblutt. Because of the proximity of Trebisov to Galicia , the life of the community was influenced by the way of life of the Jews of Galicia. The community belonged to the orthodox stream of communities of Hungary. Among the ashkenazi Jews of Trebisov lived also a group of sephardi Jews, with their own synagogue. A mikveh was built in the middle of the 19th century. The first synagogue was destroyed by fire at the beginning of the 20th century and a new one was built in its place.
On the initiative of the president of the community, Meir Markovic, a Talmud torah school was founded at Trebisov in 1912. The community opened also an elementary school with three teachers, and a library. In the Godfathers Society (Komaegyesulet), which supported needy families, were scores of members. In 1922 some 800 Jews, including Jews of small neighboring communities, were registered in the community of Trebisov. The president was then Antal Danziger and the secretary D. Breuer. In the 1930s the president was M. Burger.
Most of the Jews of Trebisov were shopkeepers and artisans. But there were also one doctor and one lawyer. Some of the Jews of the community needed aid.
In 1867 the Jews of Hungary were granted full civil rights. The republic of Czechoslovakia recognized the Jews as a national minority with appropriate rights and they became involved in the social and political life of the country. The Jewish youth were organized in local branches of Hashomer Hazair and Betar. In 1937, in the elections to the 20th Zionist Congress, 16 Jews of Trebisov took part.
In 1930, 559 Jews were living at Trebisov.
The Holocaust Period
Following the Munich Agreement (September 1938), about a year before World War II broke out, the Republic of Czechoslovakia was dismembered. Slovakia declared its autonomy and on March 14,1939, it became an independent state, a satellite of Nazi Germany. The Fascist regime of Slovakia gradually deprived the Jews of their civil rights and property.
At the end of 1940 there were 648 Jews in Trebisov. At the end of March 1942 started the deportation of the Jews of Slovakia to concentration and extermination camps in Poland, where they were murdered by the Germans. The Jews of Trebisov were apparently among a transport of 1,040 Jews which left Trebisov in the direction of Lublin in the first week of May 1942. The women were taken off the train apparently at the camp of Lubartov and the able-bodied men were sent to Maidanek.
In October 1942 the deportations were temporarily stopped. In Trebisov remained only Jews whose work was of vital importance to the authorities, Jews who were married to non-Jews and some who managed to find a hiding place. Some members of the community escaped to Hungary and avoided death.
Survivors of the community who returned to Trebisov after the war left the place in the late 1940s. Some of them went to Israel, others emigrated to the USA. The synagogue was turned into a warehouse, until it was finally destroyed in the 1970s, and on the site of the Jewish cemetery dwelling houses were built.