Peyrehorade
A town the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France
There are three Jewish cemeteries in the town.
HISTORY
A number of crypto-Jews established themselves in Peyrehorade by 1597, at the latest. Under the name "Portuguese merchants," they formed a community called Beth-El around 1628, when they acquired a plot of land for a cemetery. It was "on the road lying between the river which flows from Vignons, the vineyard of Messaultié and the Vergeras, and the foot of the hill of Aspremont." At first part of the Jewish community of Bayonne, they later refused to submit to its authority, and were therefore threatened with excommunication.
At the time, Catholics, Protestants, and Jews did not live in separate neighborhoods. They mixed together, with each group believing in and living according to its respective religious law. The peaceful relations were in part a result of the religious liberality of the region’s potentate, the Duke of Gramont. He invited crypto-Jewish merchants to settle there, along, it seems, with Huguenot congregations.
However, in 1648, when there were 42 Jewish families (about 200 persons) in the town, a partial expulsion was decreed. A 1684 decree of the council of state banished from the kingdom 93 Jewish families living in Peyrehorade, Bordeaux, Dax, Bayonne, and Bidache. At around 1700, only about 15 families remained in Peyrehorade. In 1749, the king of France, in response to a petition from some of the Jews themselves, compelled 78 of their poorer coreligionists to leave the cities of Bayonne, Bidache, and Peyrehorade within the space of one month.
Nonetheless, the number of Jews in Peyrehorade evidently increased because in 1747 the community, which from then on is openly referred to as Jewish, acquired a second site for a cemetery in the Lembarussant quarter. The existence of a synagogue is confirmed about 1728 (at the latest, 1747). The community, by then well organized, had its own butchery and a ritual bath (mikveh), and supported three societies: the Sedaca, concerned with charitable activities; the Hebera, responsible for burial of the dead; and the Yesiba, dedicated to study.
The Jews of Peyrehorade played an active role in the French Revolution. When the consistories were created, the community was at first attached to Bordeaux and later to Bayonne. During the Reign of Terror, the Societe populaire montagnarde, which included Jewish members, closed the synagogue in Peyrehorade.
An 1809 census in the town recorded 18 Jewish families and in 1826, a third cemetery, on the road to Lapuyade, was acquired; it was also used by the Jews of the surrounding areas. (As of 1970, all three cemeteries were still in existence.)
However, from 1826, Jews began to leave the town. The synagogue was sold in 1898; its furnishings being later removed to the synagogues of Biarritz and Bayonne. In 1904, only two or three Jewish families remained.
WORLD WAR II
A few Jews were still living in Peyrehorade at the outbreak of the war.
Agen
Capital of the Lot-et-Garonne department, France
21st Century
Synagogue
Cultuelle israelite de Lot et Garonne
52 Rue Montesquieu
47000 Agen
France
Phone: 33 5 53 48 29 17
Website: https://communautejuiveaquitaine.fr/annuaire/synagogue-agen/
HISTORY
A charter of 1263 specifies the charges imposed on Jewish residents in Agen for all articles brought into the city, in addition to dues they owed to the bishop. In 1309 the seneschal of Agen was directed to seize copies of the Talmud and other Jewish works, probably left behind after the general expulsion of the Jews in 1306. A number of Jews returned to Agen in 1315 and perished in the Pastoureaux massacres of 1320. The "rue des Juifs", first documented in 1342, certainly existed earlier. Remains of the synagogue were still visible in the 16th century.
In 1968 the Jewish community in Agen, which consisted of approximately 500 persons, mostly immigrants from North Africa, had a synagogue and a community center.
Agen
Capital of the Lot-et-Garonne department, France
21st Century
Synagogue
Cultuelle israelite de Lot et Garonne
52 Rue Montesquieu
47000 Agen
France
Phone: 33 5 53 48 29 17
Website: https://communautejuiveaquitaine.fr/annuaire/synagogue-agen/
HISTORY
A charter of 1263 specifies the charges imposed on Jewish residents in Agen for all articles brought into the city, in addition to dues they owed to the bishop. In 1309 the seneschal of Agen was directed to seize copies of the Talmud and other Jewish works, probably left behind after the general expulsion of the Jews in 1306. A number of Jews returned to Agen in 1315 and perished in the Pastoureaux massacres of 1320. The "rue des Juifs", first documented in 1342, certainly existed earlier. Remains of the synagogue were still visible in the 16th century.
In 1968 the Jewish community in Agen, which consisted of approximately 500 persons, mostly immigrants from North Africa, had a synagogue and a community center.
Peyrehorade
A town the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France
There are three Jewish cemeteries in the town.
HISTORY
A number of crypto-Jews established themselves in Peyrehorade by 1597, at the latest. Under the name "Portuguese merchants," they formed a community called Beth-El around 1628, when they acquired a plot of land for a cemetery. It was "on the road lying between the river which flows from Vignons, the vineyard of Messaultié and the Vergeras, and the foot of the hill of Aspremont." At first part of the Jewish community of Bayonne, they later refused to submit to its authority, and were therefore threatened with excommunication.
At the time, Catholics, Protestants, and Jews did not live in separate neighborhoods. They mixed together, with each group believing in and living according to its respective religious law. The peaceful relations were in part a result of the religious liberality of the region’s potentate, the Duke of Gramont. He invited crypto-Jewish merchants to settle there, along, it seems, with Huguenot congregations.
However, in 1648, when there were 42 Jewish families (about 200 persons) in the town, a partial expulsion was decreed. A 1684 decree of the council of state banished from the kingdom 93 Jewish families living in Peyrehorade, Bordeaux, Dax, Bayonne, and Bidache. At around 1700, only about 15 families remained in Peyrehorade. In 1749, the king of France, in response to a petition from some of the Jews themselves, compelled 78 of their poorer coreligionists to leave the cities of Bayonne, Bidache, and Peyrehorade within the space of one month.
Nonetheless, the number of Jews in Peyrehorade evidently increased because in 1747 the community, which from then on is openly referred to as Jewish, acquired a second site for a cemetery in the Lembarussant quarter. The existence of a synagogue is confirmed about 1728 (at the latest, 1747). The community, by then well organized, had its own butchery and a ritual bath (mikveh), and supported three societies: the Sedaca, concerned with charitable activities; the Hebera, responsible for burial of the dead; and the Yesiba, dedicated to study.
The Jews of Peyrehorade played an active role in the French Revolution. When the consistories were created, the community was at first attached to Bordeaux and later to Bayonne. During the Reign of Terror, the Societe populaire montagnarde, which included Jewish members, closed the synagogue in Peyrehorade.
An 1809 census in the town recorded 18 Jewish families and in 1826, a third cemetery, on the road to Lapuyade, was acquired; it was also used by the Jews of the surrounding areas. (As of 1970, all three cemeteries were still in existence.)
However, from 1826, Jews began to leave the town. The synagogue was sold in 1898; its furnishings being later removed to the synagogues of Biarritz and Bayonne. In 1904, only two or three Jewish families remained.
WORLD WAR II
A few Jews were still living in Peyrehorade at the outbreak of the war.